The role of the OPRM1 gene polymorphism and its methylation in people in dependence on substances and with different intensity of pain / Volume 132 (2022) / Issues / Polish Journal of Public Health

The role of the OPRM1 gene polymorphism and its methylation in people in dependence on substances and with different intensity of pain

Original Article, Pol J Public Health, Vol. 132 (2022): 25-30

Łukasz Zadroga¹,Elżbieta Grzywacz²,Maria Grzymkowska¹,
Jolanta Chmielowiec³, Jolanta Masiak⁴, Aleksandra Strońska-Pluta⁵,
Anna Grzywacz⁵, Krzysztof Chmielowiec³

¹Student Scientific Club of Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
² Student Scientific Club of Department of Oral Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
³ Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Poland
⁴ II Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
⁵ Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland

DOI_disc_logo 10.2478/pjph-2022-0005

© 2022 Medical University of Lublin. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonComercial-No Derivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/)

Abstract

Opioid receptors belong to the group of Gi and Go coupled receptors, inhibiting the activity of the neuron. Opioid receptors regulate reward and aversion. The opioid system contributes to self and species survival by promoting reward elicited by natural stimuli (such as food, sex and social interaction), regulating mood states and facilitating efficient coping with pain and stress. It is suggested that OPRM1 polymorphism is associated with alcohol consumption especially increased in the case of G alleles subjects than A-alleles homozygotes. In several studies, OPRM1 methylation was suspected to be predictive factor of opioid dependence in pain treatment. The relationship of postoperative or preoperative pain with methylation of some CpG sites in the OPRM1 promoter has also been demonstrated. It is known that OPRM1 SNPs provide changes in the structure of the MOR receptor, so by confirming the pharmacogenetic effects of OPRM1 polymorphisms and using these results to guide therapeutic decisions, patients can be prescribed treatment options with the best efficacy and greatest tolerance. Pharmacogenomics of OPRM1 can improve pain management by predicting individual response to pain medications before treatment and facilitate the development of new and more effective pain medications for post-operative pain.

Keywords: polymorphism OPRM1, opioid receptor, alcohol dependence, analgesia, methylation.

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